docker入门1 ：使用docker镜像-白红宇

持续更新中……….

1.安装docker

centos7 内核版本在3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64之上的直接执行： yum install docker -y 即可

本机版本3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 直接执行yum install docker -y centos7
若centos版本在centos6，则需要更新内核版本才可以安装docker。

2.使用docker镜像

2.1 安装docker镜像

使用docker pull Name[:TAG] 安装指定镜像的名称和版本号

安装centos最近版本的镜像，从docker默认镜像库进行下载命令： sudo docker pull centos

Using default tag: latestTrying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/centosd9aaf4d82f24: Pull complete Digest: sha256:eba772bac22c86d7d6e72421b4700c3f894ab6e35475a34014ff8de74c10872e

创建成功之后，我们就开始使用该镜像创建一个容器，并在该容器中进行操作。

docker run -it centos bash

[root@localhost sysconfig]# docker run -it centos bash [root@fc99abc4213f /]# lsanaconda-post.log  dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usrbin                etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var[root@fc99abc4213f /]# ping localhost PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.083 ms^C--- localhost ping statistics ---3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.062/0.083/0.105/0.019 ms[root@fc99abc4213f /]# exit exit

2.2 查看镜像信息

2.2.1 使用命令 docker images 查看当前镜像信息

[root@localhost sysconfig]# sudo docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEdocker.io/redis     3.2                 4ae3b93617bd        2 weeks ago         99.67 MBdocker.io/centos    latest              196e0ce0c9fb        5 weeks ago         196.6 MB

images 子命令主要支持如下的选项:

(1) -a ,–all=true|false 列出所有的镜像文件

(2) –digests=true|false 列出镜像的数字摘要值，默认为否

(3) -f –filter=[] 过滤列出的镜像

…

2.2.2 使用tag命令添加镜像标签

[root@localhost sysconfig]# docker tag redis:3.2 myredis:0.1[root@localhost sysconfig]# sudo docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEdocker.io/redis     3.2                 4ae3b93617bd        2 weeks ago         99.67 MBmyredis             0.1                 4ae3b93617bd        2 weeks ago         99.67 MBdocker.io/centos    latest              196e0ce0c9fb        5 weeks ago         196.6 MB

2.2.3 使用inspect 命令查看详细信息

查看详细信息

[root@localhost sysconfig]# docker inspect myredis:0.1[    {        "Id": "sha256:4ae3b93617bdb7cc7559c021cd57fec2db465daf94e717b61282406b74493941",      "RepoTags": [          "docker.io/redis:3.2",          "myredis:0.1"      ],      "RepoDigests": [          "docker.io/redis@sha256:b15e3fabba806a6ee7f14774df0c2dc3036f752969bcdac022f0aa96d5cfc954"       ],       "Parent": "",       "Comment": "",       "Created": "2017-10-10T02:50:23.955973925Z",       "Container": "13285f8661db6019c0916f3252c76c17bad6508905a319358c85f7acf7967365",       "ContainerConfig": {           "Hostname": "13285f8661db",           "Domainname": "",           "User": "",           "AttachStdin": false,           "AttachStdout": false,           "AttachStderr": false,           "ExposedPorts": {               "6379/tcp": {}           },           "Tty": false,           "OpenStdin": false,           "StdinOnce": false,           "Env": [               "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",                "GOSU_VERSION=1.10",                "REDIS_VERSION=3.2.11",               "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.11.tar.gz",               "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=31ae927cab09f90c9ca5954aab7aeecc3bb4da6087d3d12ba0a929ceb54081b5"           ],           "Cmd": [               "/bin/sh",               "-c",               "#(nop) ",               "CMD [\"redis-server\"]"           ],           "ArgsEscaped": true,           "Image": "sha256:0d4214b1bf00a587daa1d4f36421bd99e4b2c316249280675bec34faaa6d6e0d",           "Volumes": {               "/data": {}           },           "WorkingDir": "/data",           "Entrypoint": [               "docker-entrypoint.sh"           ],           "OnBuild": [],           "Labels": {}       },       "DockerVersion": "17.06.2-ce",       "Author": "",       "Config": {           "Hostname": "",           "Domainname": "",           "User": "",           "AttachStdin": false,           "AttachStdout": false,           "AttachStderr": false,           "ExposedPorts": {               "6379/tcp": {}           },           "Tty": false,           "OpenStdin": false,           "StdinOnce": false,           "Env": [               "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",               "GOSU_VERSION=1.10",               "REDIS_VERSION=3.2.11",               "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.11.tar.gz",               "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=31ae927cab09f90c9ca5954aab7aeecc3bb4da6087d3d12ba0a929ceb54081b5"           ],           "Cmd": [               "redis-server"           ],           "ArgsEscaped": true,           "Image": "sha256:0d4214b1bf00a587daa1d4f36421bd99e4b2c316249280675bec34faaa6d6e0d",           "Volumes": {               "/data": {}           },           "WorkingDir": "/data",           "Entrypoint": [               "docker-entrypoint.sh"           ],           "OnBuild": [],           "Labels": null       },       "Architecture": "amd64",       "Os": "linux",       "Size": 99668649,       "VirtualSize": 99668649,       "GraphDriver": {           "Name": "devicemapper",           "Data": {               "DeviceId": "10",               "DeviceName": "docker-253:0-33690427-dea7d2d0030dc44a3edf0fcc80077d715d5ccf4825a3db161da84436cf1dcdc7",               "DeviceSize": "10737418240"           }       },       "RootFS": {           "Type": "layers",           "Layers": [               "sha256:29d71372a4920ec230739a9e2317e7e9b18644edb10f78cde85df85e6ab85fc2",               "sha256:f5ccc3ab98cc45041bcf1f2cf49afb7e5046316af795c88ef6be50ed149cc3a4",               "sha256:3fae9b7c819afb850f999670dc88cc3f646a146c379103c8947df99c03498ebe",               "sha256:7044a5153c6481a7284e181703432930f392aa39fb12982c9a2d8cb2f2448cb0",               "sha256:7768d1f84ecca49f4ca1005047f7d5d8a3a009dfb3e0213cdbbb3856f7e4c115",               "sha256:327ce591d4be258dd33151003eebd5cc362fd6caed83f9a5512b7970a8f5facb"           ]       }   }]

查看某一个参数信息 “docker inspect -f {

{“.Os”}} myredis:0.1 ”

“`

[root@localhost sysconfig]# docker inspect -f {

{“.Os”}} myredis:0.1

linux

[root@localhost sysconfig]# docker inspect -f {

{“.Size”}} myredis:0.1

99668649

2.3搜索镜像

docker search redis -a 10

[root@localhost ~]# sudo docker search redis -s 10 Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 insteadINDEX       NAME                                        DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATEDdocker.io   docker.io/redis                             Redis is an open source key-value store th...   4359      [OK]       docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/redis                     Bitnami Redis Docker Image                      59                   [OK]docker.io   docker.io/sameersbn/redis                                                                   59                   [OK]docker.io   docker.io/tenstartups/redis-commander                                                       29                   [OK]docker.io   docker.io/kubeguide/redis-master            redis-master with "Hello World!"                19                   docker.io   docker.io/joshula/redis-sentinel            A container for Redis Sentinel                  18                   docker.io   docker.io/kubeguide/guestbook-redis-slave   Guestbook redis slave                           14                   docker.io   docker.io/tutum/redis                       Base docker image to run a Redis server         10

2.4删除镜像

删除镜像分为两种方式进行删除，分别为：

a.使用标签进行删除

使用标签进行删除时，如果存在由该镜像创建的多个标签的镜像，删除其中的一个并不会删除该镜像，只有该镜像只有唯一的一个标签时，删除该标签将会导致该镜像彻底删除。

[root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEdocker.io/redis     3.2                 4ae3b93617bd        2 weeks ago         99.67 MBmyredis             0.2                 4ae3b93617bd        2 weeks ago         99.67 MBmyredis             0.3                 4ae3b93617bd        2 weeks ago         99.67 MB[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi myredis:0.2 Untagged: myredis:0.2[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi myredis:0.3 Untagged: myredis:0.3Untagged: docker.io/redis@sha256:b15e3fabba806a6ee7f14774df0c2dc3036f752969bcdac022f0aa96d5cfc954[root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEdocker.io/redis     3.2                 4ae3b93617bd        2 weeks ago         99.67 MB[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi redisError response from daemon: No such image: redis:latest[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi redis:3.2Untagged: redis:3.2Deleted: sha256:4ae3b93617bdb7cc7559c021cd57fec2db465daf94e717b61282406b74493941Deleted: sha256:23434bfcd3a31cd975c6384253ba687fbcbd895b3e1a54af27824af9ed937591Deleted: sha256:0d30a0d1a42e43f5dc11264673fd4ee56a03095dbcd3da72924870de4df577aaDeleted: sha256:3a6d079caad238a31ea4283d4fc3f443d6e75bb1d3ce199cd916dc49627c5931Deleted: sha256:5b3c3d58e5f9d9460b356d01329f9016fbb1959bf1522f357fb81a2db362908bDeleted: sha256:a895b72388eb73dd9fb4406a318ee67fe48c7e70e01190c8f2ac4310dc529245Deleted: sha256:29d71372a4920ec230739a9e2317e7e9b18644edb10f78cde85df85e6ab85fc2[root@localhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

b.使用id进行删除

在删除镜像时，若该镜像创建了一个容器。且该容器存在时，则无法对该镜像进行删除。如若希望强制删除，则使用命令docker rmi -f [image]

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi 196e0ce0c9fbError response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 196e0ce0c9fb (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container fc99abc4213f[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 196e0ce0c9fbUntagged: docker.io/centos:latestDeleted: sha256:196e0ce0c9fbb31da595b893dd39bc9fd4aa78a474bbdc21459a3ebe855b7768[root@localhost ~]#

2.5创建镜像

创建镜像主要有三种方式

a.使用容器创建镜像。

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos bashWARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.[root@1ed5befe7051 /]# useradd nrs [root@1ed5befe7051 /]# exit  exit[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -m "add user nrs" -a "augus" 1ed5befe7051 mycentos:01 sha256:a154ae24d66d16201ba1bed9112e2cab11714644364b5bccef0d2ea2b1b3c443[root@localhost ~]#

b.使用本地模板创建镜像

c.使用dockerFile创建镜像

2.6镜像的载入和写出

镜像的写出

docker save -o centos.01.tar centos:01

镜像的载入

docker load –input centos.01.tar

[augus@localhost ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEmycentos            01                  a154ae24d66d        30 minutes ago      196.9 MBdocker.io/centos    latest              196e0ce0c9fb        6 weeks ago         196.6 MB[augus@localhost ~]$  docker save -o mycentos.01.tar mycentos:01[augus@localhost ~]$ lsmycentos.01.tar  precreated[augus@localhost ~]$ docker load --input mycentos.01.tar Loaded image: mycentos:01[augus@localhost ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEmycentos            01                  a154ae24d66d        32 minutes ago      196.9 MBdocker.io/centos    latest              196e0ce0c9fb        6 weeks ago         196.6 MB[augus@localhost ~]$ docker rmi mycentos:01 Untagged: mycentos:01Deleted: sha256:a154ae24d66d16201ba1bed9112e2cab11714644364b5bccef0d2ea2b1b3c443Deleted: sha256:5d58cde1df9c759667826244365052df54e7920391e72f8cdd1a3d1d35bc5bba[augus@localhost ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEdocker.io/centos    latest              196e0ce0c9fb        6 weeks ago         196.6 MB[augus@localhost ~]$ docker load --input mycentos.01.tar edfd6667dbbb: Loading layer [==================================================>] 312.8 kB/312.8 kBLoaded image: mycentos:01[augus@localhost ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEmycentos            01                  a154ae24d66d        33 minutes ago      196.9 MBdocker.io/centos    latest              196e0ce0c9fb        6 weeks ago         196.6 MB[augus@localhost ~]$